Healthy Cattle Microbiome and Dysbiosis in Diseased Phenotypes

Cattle farming is an ancient practice, with roots in the early Neolithic era that has retained a major status food industry, global beef market revenue amounting to $385.7B (as of 2018). Hence, cattle maintenance essential for catering nutritional requirements modern civilization. This extensive review aims provide holistic overview microbiome, analyzing native microbial composition within respiratory tract, gastrointestinal reproductive and skin cattle. The dysbiosis associated various diseases such as bovine disease, digital dermatitis, mastitis, Johne’s uterine (metritis endometritis), metabolic disorders (ruminal acidosis ketosis) have been discussed. Moreover, non-antibiotic therapies including phage therapy, prebiotics, probiotics examined potential means reduce disease-associated dysbiosis. In general, this highlights importance microbiome health its alleviating diseases, aim enhance production.